Here's some general information for those starting out in amateur astronomy:
Nightwatch: A Practical Guide to Viewing the Universe by Terence Dickinson is arguably the best book for novice amateur astronomers. As far as other beginning observing guides are concerned, I highly recommend Phil Harrington's Star Watch: The Amateur Astronomer's Guide to Finding, Observing, and Learning About over 125 Celestial Objects and Turn Left at Orion: A Hundred Night Sky Objects to See in a Small Telescope--and How to Find Them by Dan M. Davis and Guy Consolmagno. At a more advanced level, The Backyard Astronomer's Guide by Terence Dickinson and Alan Dyer is excellent. Another very good, yet inexpensive, source of general information is A Field Guide to the Stars and Planets (Peterson Field Guides) by Jay M. Pasachoff.
Browse here for a free monthly star chart.
A planisphere or star wheel can be very useful for beginners. Information on planispheres is posted at http://www.skyandtelescope.com/howto/visualobserving/3303986.html and http://www.skymaps.com/store/cat04.html
There's lots of good astronomy freeware listed here. Cartes du Ciel, Celestia, and Stellarium are all excellent freeware planetarium programs. Starry Night produces some excellent commercial planetarium programs. There are many other fine programs including MegaStar, SkyMapPro, and TheSky on the market. Some online planterium programs include http://www.sky-map.org/ and http://www.ngc891.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=Stars&file=chart and http://skyatlas.rgbstore.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=8.1&declination=18.1
If you become an active observer, you'll need a good beginning star atlas. Here are a few to consider: Orion's DeepMap 600, Norton's Star Atlas and Reference Handbook, 20th Edition by Ian Ridpath (Editor), The Edmund Mag 6 Star Atlas by Terence Dickinson, Sky & Telescope's Pocket Sky Atlas by Roger W. Sinnott, The Bright Star Atlas 2000.0 by Wil Tirion and Roger W. Sinnott, and The Cambridge Star Atlas by Wil Tirion. The Sky Atlas 2000.0 by Wil Tirion is a more advanced atlas.
Introductory information on amateur astronomy and observing can be found at the following sites:
http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx?c=ss&id=157
http://www.skyandtelescope.com/letsgo
http://www.skyandtelescope.com/howto/basics
http://www.skyandtelescope.com/howto/visualobserving
http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/objects
http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/hall/1491/
http://www.skynews.ca/pages/backyard.html
http://www.observers.org/beginner/
http://beginnersguide.com/astronomy/
http://www.astrocentral.co.uk/beginners.html
http://www.gcadventure.com/cosmic-voyage.net/beginners.html
http://www.xmission.com/~alanne/AstronomyBeginning.html
Binocular astronomy is easy to carry out and is a lot of fun. With their large fields of view, binoculars can offer views that most telescopes can not. In addition, binoculars can often be useful in "surveying" the area where an object is located prior to conducting a telescopic star-hop. In my opinion, the best binocular observing guides are Touring the Universe through Binoculars by Philip S. Harrington, Binocular Astronomy by Graig Crossen & Wil Tirion, and Binocular Highlights: 99 Celestial Sights for Binocular Users by Gary Seronik. Phil Harrington offers a freeware binocular observing program known as TUBA (Touring the Universe through Binoculars Atlas) at http://www.philharrington.net/tuba.htm
Dave Mitsky