If you use a monochrome camera, filters are required in order to produce a color photo. Filters can be used to enhance some specific response when using a color cam, but since the color cam has an internal RGB (Bayer matrix) filter the results with an external filter will not be a pretty color photo. That path is not worth pursuing.
People using mono. cameras create color photos using RGB filters, but can replace the R w/ an IR, B w/ a UV, or can replace the actual G w/ a synth. G created from the RB layers. Various filters may also be used to create the lum layer (instead of using the interpolated lum from the RGB photo). Mono. cams allow many choices.
Robert