Hi Mstrozier like chris said i too can see improvements happening in your shots, you mention getting a better camera, and i think if you want major improvements that is a good idea, As for getting a focal reducer unless your goal is to take mainly low magnification wide feild shots of the moon, its really not needed.Any high mag shot will always reduce the area of the moon seen, ( in some of my high mag shots only one crater is seen) but the detail at that high magnification allows that one crater to be seen in a way that is impossible with low mag wide feild shots,
You can increase the area seen on the moon at high mag if you film different segments of it, and then join the peices together with software like Imerge,( this is something i want to do) but i havent learned how to yet. So if you want low power views of the moon by all means a focal reducer will work, but if you want high resolution closer views of craters it will not. Its hard to tell by looking at your images how good the webcam your using is ? i do think you are over exposeing the captures, either by haveing gain, exposure, or brightness (probably gain or exposure ) set to high,
Try reducing these settings untill the moon looks much more grey ( not white) basically you need to darken the image ( though not too much) using filters to do this is only part of the picture, because even with filters in place, unless you get the settings right, the moon can still appear much too whited out, ( which i think is whats happening here)
With a philips webcam your 5 inch celestron could be made to produce some quite remarkale low, and high power shots. But learning to control the glare of the moon ( using the webcam settings not just a filter) is a big part, in the art of good lunar photogtaphy, So experiment with reducing these settings with the cam you have now, when you fully understand how to control the light levels ( whited out glare) when you get your new webcam you will be halfway there, Then a stack of only the sharpest frames, will give you the results you want good luck Neil